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Soffit (culvert or bridge)
This is the level of the top of the interior of a culvert, or the underside of the deck of a bridge.
Pipe long section
A section of a single pipe reach, showing surface, obvert and invert levels, other pipe characteristics and results of analyses, can be opened using the Long Section option in the pop-up menu for a pipe. Greater amounts of detail can be added by ...
Closed Conduit
A conduit is a carrier or conveyance for some material, such as water. In stormwater drainage it can be a pipe with a roof or enclosed shape so that it can operate under pressure when the hydraulic grade line rises higher than the obvert and the ...
Hydraulic grade line (HGL)
The HGL is a line that can be drawn along a pipe or channel, indicating the pressure. In a pipe flowing full it is above the pipe obvert so that the pipe is pressurised. In an open channel it follows the water surface, except in some special ...
Culvert hydraulics
While culverts are simple in concept, consisting of a pipe, an entrance and an outlet, their hydraulics can be quite complicated. Many combinations of flows can occur, depending on the headwater and tailwater levels, whether flows inside the culvert ...